In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) with Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI) is an advanced fertility treatment designed to help couples conceive, especially when male infertility factors are involved.
IVF Process:
IVF involves stimulating a woman’s ovaries with hormonal medications to produce multiple eggs. These eggs are then retrieved from the ovaries through a minor surgical procedure under ultrasound guidance. Once collected, the eggs are placed in a laboratory dish.
ICSI Process:
ICSI is a specialized form of IVF where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to facilitate fertilization. This technique is particularly useful when male infertility issues, such as low sperm count, poor sperm motility, or abnormal sperm morphology, are present.
The ICSI procedure begins with the collection of a semen sample from the male partner or a donor. The sperm are then processed and selected based on their motility and morphology. Using a fine micro-needle, an embryologist carefully injects a single sperm into the cytoplasm of each mature egg.
Fertilization and Embryo Development:
After ICSI, the fertilized eggs, now embryos, are cultured in a laboratory for several days, typically 3 to 5 days, to allow for cell division and growth. The embryos are monitored for quality and development.
Embryo Transfer:
One or more high-quality embryos are selected for transfer to the woman’s uterus. The transfer procedure is straightforward and involves inserting a thin catheter through the cervix to place the embryos into the uterine cavity. Any remaining viable embryos can be frozen for future use.
Post-Procedure:
Two weeks after the embryo transfer, a blood test is conducted to determine if implantation has occurred and if the woman is pregnant.
Advantages and Considerations:
IVF with ICSI significantly improves fertilization rates and offers hope for couples facing severe male infertility. It also benefits those with previous IVF failures or unexplained infertility. However, it is a complex and costly procedure that requires careful consideration and consultation with fertility specialists. Success rates depend on various factors, including the woman’s age, egg and sperm quality, and overall health.